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VARIASI WAKTU TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS KALSIUM GLISEROKSIDA

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ABSTRACT Currently biodiesel is an alternative to fossil fuels. The production of biodiesel using a homogeneous catalyst, this catalyst has some deficiency is inseparable and can not be reused. Heterogeneous catalysts are easily separable and reusable catalysts. In this study, transesterification of palm oil using calcium glyceroxide as a heterogeneous catalyst, was performed. The heterogeneous catalyst is synthesized from calcium acetate with glycerin. Calcium acetate is obtained from the process of eggshell with acetic acid. Catalysts calcium glyceroxide are used in the transesterification of palm oil. The catalyst calcium glyceroxide has been synthesized in this study, and it was characterized using SEM / EDX, and XRD. Characterization SEM / EDX of calcium glyceroxide is analyzed the presence of calcium compound and to see the morphology of calcium glyceroxide. Characterization of XRD calcium glyceroxide is to showed the diffraction pattern. Characterization of FTIR calcium glyceroxide is to analyzes the functional groups. These characterization testicides indicate that calcium glyceroxide is successfully formed and can be used in transesterification reactions in the production of biodiesel. The effect of time duration of transesterification process on the quantity of biodiesel produced, was investigated. Transesterification reaction using variations time of 1 hour, 3 hours and 4 hours. The transesterification results were analyzed by FTIR and GC / MS characterization. FTIR characterization showed that the reaction time of transesterification of palm oil showed the presence of functional group of methyl ester compound by showing wave peak. To see the FAME content of biodiesel using GC / MS characterization. From the characterizations showed that the variation of transesterification time of 2 hours, 3 hours and 4 hours in biodiesel produce the conversion of methyl ester obtained is 38.72%; 94.67%; 97.68%. Therefore the longer transesterification time is produces the highest amount of biodiesel.