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PENGARUH KONSENTRASI GLISERIN TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN KALSIUM GLISEROKSIDA DAN PENGGUNAANNYA SEBAGAI KATALIS PADA PROSES TRANSESTERIFIKASI UNTUK MENGHASILKAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK JARAK (CASTOR OIL)

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ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF GLYCERIN CONCENTRATION ON THE FORMATION OF CALCIUM GLYCERIDE OXIDE AND ITS USE AS A CATALYST IN THE TRANSESTERIFICATION PROCESS TO PRODUCE BIODIESEL FROM CASTOR OIL The use of biodiesel as a substitute for fuel is one of environmentally friendly alternative materials, but in the process of making biodiesel has constraint that is still using homogeneous catalyst. The use of homogeneous catalysts has a disadvantage that the catalyst is difficult to separate from biodiesel product yield and high production cost. Therefore, to reduce the cost of biodiesel production by making heterogeneous catalysts with low cost and easily separated with biodiesel products. The purpose of this research is to utilize eggshell that is to be processed as the basic material to make calcium acetate and calcium acetate will be reacted with aquades and added glycerine to manufacture calcium glyceride as a material of heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification process of castor oil. Calcium acetate made from eggshells has been successfully performed and has been characterized using SEM, EDX, XRD and FTIR analysis of characterization results indicating that calcium acetate obtained is calcium acetate hydrate. Calcium glycine oxide prepared from calcium acetate by altering the glycerine concentration for each experiment (16 ml, 12 ml, 8 ml, 4 ml) was successfully performed and characterized using XRD analysis of the characterization results indicating that the resulting calcium glycated oxide calcium glyceride. Transesterification has been done with different calcium glycoside oxide for each experiment (12 ml, and 4 ml). While the experimental reaction temperature remains at 600C with a fixed transesterification time that is for 7 hours. GC / MS characteristic results show that the percent conversion of methyl ester obtained is 97.74% for castor oil glycerolide with 12 ml glycerine concentration, and in biodiesel using calcium glyceride oxide with a concentration of 4 ml of glycerine to produce percent conversion methyl esters of 74.11%. This indicates that the higher the concentration of glycerine used for the manufacture of glycerides, the higher the methyl ester conservers. Keywords: Glycerine, Calcium Glyceroxide, Transesterification, Castor Oil