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TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK KELAPA MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS KALSIUM GLISEROKSIDA DARI CANGKANG TELUR: PENGARUH SUHU TERHADAP PERSENTASE PRODUKSI BIODIESEL

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ABSTRACT TRANSESTERIFICATION OF COCONUT OIL USING CATALYST CALSIUM GLYCEROXIDE FROM EGG SHELL: EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON PERCENTAGE BIODIESEL PRODUCTION The using of biodiesel as an alternative fuel has constraints such as when use a homogeneous catalyst. Homogeneous catalysts has a potential to re-react with the resulting product so that, it is difficult to separate from biodiesel products. The alternative to reduce the cost of producing biodiesel by making heterogeneous catalysts that are low cost and easily separated from the product. The purpose of this study was to utilize egg shells to be processed as ingredients to make calcium acetate, and the calcium acetate was reacted with glycerin to make calcium glyceroxide as a heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification of coconut oil. Calcium acetate from egg shell has been successfully made, and it has been characterization with using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spektrometer), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) and FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared). The results from characterization shows that the calcium acetate that has been produced is calcium acetate hydrate. Catalyst calcium glyceroxide has been reported as a very active phase in the transesterification of coconut oil, this result is show from FTIR and GC analysis, this result is indicated by the characterization of FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared) where the biodiesel yield has different absorption peaks from coconut oil and the results of GC (Gas Chromatography / Mass Spektroscopy) analysis has indicate the presence compounds of methyl ester, it is contained in biodiesel from coconut oil. Transesterification has been done by varying the reaction temperature for each experiment (70, 75 ° C), while for time transesterification made fixed that is 7 hours. The result from GC characterization show that the percentage of conversion of methyl ester obtained is 93.41% for transesterified at 70oC and transesterification biodiesel with temperature 75 ° C, the percent of methyl ester conversion obtained is 94.42%. This indicates that the higher the reaction temperature is operated the higher the methyl ester conversion. Keywords: Egg Shell, Calcium Acetate, Calcium Glyceroxide, Coconut Oil, Biodiesel.